2009

Tuesday, November 24, 2009

Feel Blocked On Throat

The stubborn society

way to work today I heard Oscar Landerretche, Frei adviser, interviewed by Carlos Lavin. The first question was about a proposal to reform the OMIL. These offices help to find work and also provide the skills needed to do, like prepare for an interview or be able to write a resume (...) Continued

Shovel ...

Plans For Power Carving Projects

An explanation ... Reactionary

What happened to this blog?

main thing is that I moved house. Now you can find posts of mine in this direction . It is a collective blog is starting to work from recently.

henceforth publish here all the things you post on the blog again with the same signature (socióblogo, with emphasis on how it should or delivery) with a link to it.

Saturday, October 31, 2009

Milena Velba Feb 2010 Homeless

Ad: "Black Holes in the Universe"

The next seminar of the Balseiro Institute in Bariloche Atomic Centre will be delivered by Dr. Felix Mirabel.

Dr. Mirabel is senior researcher at CONICET, having received his Ph.D. in astrophysics from the University of La Plata, and one in philosophy from the University of Buenos Aires. For his discoveries and research in the area of \u200b\u200bblack holes has received several distinctions, including Doctorate Honoris Causa from the University of Barcelona, \u200b\u200bthe Bruno Rossi Prize for High Energy Astrophysics of the Astronomical Association of North America, and the Scientific Award of the Atomic Energy Commission of France. He has authored nearly 500 publications and has participated in the discovery of numerous novel astronomical phenomena, such as microcuásars, superluminal motion in the Galaxy, ultraluminous infrared galaxies and tidal dwarf galaxies. Service is a member of Astrophysics Atomic Energy Commission of France, and the prestigious European Observatory of the Southern Hemisphere and has been the leading representative in Chile for several years.

Friday November 6, 2009, 1430 Bariloche Atomic Center

Bustillo 9500 San Carlos de Bariloche, RN Argentina

BLACK HOLES IN THE UNIVERSE

Felix Mirabel

Institute of Astronomy and Space Physics, Buenos Aires

Summary: Black holes are the most enigmatic objects in astrophysics. Its gravitational pull is so intense that no light leak, staying dark. For more than two centuries its existence was cause of mere speculation, but for two decades convincing evidence has accumulated on the existence of two types of black holes in the universe: 1) as corpses of massive stars that cosmic dance devour stars produce light, and 2) as objects more individual mass of the universe, with masses equivalent to millions of stars, concentrated in regions as small as the solar system. We will review the properties of cosmic objects and their role in the evolution of the universe, according to recent research in the world's most advanced observatories. Demonstrate its effects with images and animations, reaching key conclusions about our knowledge of the cosmos.

Sunday, October 25, 2009

Is Keri Hilsons Hair A Weave

a planet's surface temperature, surface temperature

comes the end of our trilogy on the orbital temperature. In the first part

, we calculate the solar energy that Earth receives, and the second part

, which would estimate the temperature of the Earth if the Sun was not calculate In this third part (last !) the equilibrium temperature. We have already determined that every second the earth receives $ 1.74 \\ times 10 ^ {17} $ J. What does the Earth with this energy? In short, it is heated. And we know that a hot body radiates energy according to the Stefan-Boltzmann (radiated energy increases with the fourth power of the temperature!). Suppose that the Earth has a temperature $ T_ \\ Oplus $ and behaves as a black body (a more reasonable assumption at this level), then the power radiated into space (usually using the letter $ L $ per light) is:

\\ [L_ {emit} = \\ left (4 \\ pi R_ \\ Oplus ^ 2 \\ right) \\ sigma T_ \\ Oplus ^ 4 \\]

where $ \\ sigma $ is the constant Stefan-Boltzmann and $ \\ left (4 \\ pi R_ \\ Oplus ^ 2 \\ right) $ is the Earth's surface (here we consider the total surface of the Earth and not only its cross section as in the case of the energy absorbed .)

The equilibrium occurs when the energy absorbed is equal to the radiated energy. If there is an imbalance, the parameters are adjusted so as to reach a new condition. Suppose for example that for some reason increases the solar luminosity $ L_ \\ odot $. In this case, the energy that Earth receives will be greater and this leads to an increase in temperature, which implies an increase in the radiated energy. This equilibrium condition is therefore stable. Then:

\\ [E_ {abs} = E_ {emit} \\]

remember the expression for $ E_ {abs} $ obtained in the first part

\\ [E_ {abs} = \\ frac {L_ \\ odot t} {4} \\ left (\\ frac {R_ \\ Oplus} {R_ {UA} \\ right) ^ 2} \\]

and since brightness is energy per unit time,

\\ [L_ {abs} = \\ frac {L_ \\ odot} {4} \\ left (\\ frac {R_ \\ Oplus} {R_ {UA} \\ right) ^ 2} \\]

Therefore, our equilibrium condition occurs when:

\\ [L_ {abs} = L_ {emit} \\]

\\ [ \\ frac {L_ \\ odot} {4} \\ left (\\ frac {R_ \\ Oplus} {R_ {UA} \\ right) ^ 2} = \\ Left (4 \\ pi R_ \\ Oplus ^ 2 \\ right) \\ sigma T_ \\ Oplus ^ 4 \\]

and then clearing the temperature $ T_ \\ Oplus $ we have:

\\ [T_ \\ Oplus = \\ sqrt [4] {\\ frac {L_ \\ odot} {16 \\ pi \\ sigma} \\ frac {1} {R_ {UA} ^ 2}} \\]

Before numbers forward some conclusions:

The temperature is independent of the size of the planet (note that $ R_ \\ $ Oplus canceled)

increases with the fourth root of the solar luminosity, and decreases with square root distance.

The equation is valid for any star-planet system, and is used inter alia to determine the "

Now if cracked the mystery:

\\ [T_ \\ Oplus = \\ sqrt [4] {\\ frac {3.85 \\ times 10 ^ {26} \\ mathrm {W}} {(16 \\ pi) (5.67 \\ times 10 ^ {-8} \\ mathrm {W} \\ mathrm {m} ^ {-2} \\ mathrm {K} ^ {-4}) (1.5 \\ times 10 ^ {11} \\ mathrm {m}) ^ 2}} \\]

\\ [T_ \\ Oplus = 278 \\ mathrm {K} = 5 ^ \\ mathrm {o} \\ mathrm {C} \\]

more impressive results, is not it?

Thursday, October 22, 2009

Franklin Mint Vase Butterflies

3rd part of a planet, part 2

say that sequels are never good, but we will make the attempt ...

In the first part

course to answer this question we must first define what it means "Empty space." Strictly speaking, the empty space there. And for various reasons: cosmology, quantum and relativistic. Re-ask: At what temperature is a region of space with no stars or other energy sources nearby?

The universe is full of electromagnetic radiation. The frequency of this radiation is $ \\ nu $ = 160.2 GHz this background radiation is called Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB by its acronym in English). Corresponds to the frequency range of microwave

(yes, as the oven!), Which extend in the electromagnetic spectrum between 300 MHz and 300 GHz

Its existence was predicted in 1948 by G. Gamow, R.

Alpher and R.
Hermann

, and was discovered (by accident) in 1965 by

A. Penzias and R. Wilson (Nobel Prize winners in 1978 for this work) is actually a relic of the Big Bang to the time when the universe became transparent to radiation, or put another way, when finally electrons and photons allowed to interact and electrons began to form atoms with the baryons. From that moment (about 300,000 years after the Big Bang), the photons propagate through the expanding Universe with almost no interaction (the current density is 410 photons per cubic cm.)

And since the universe expands adiabatically (by definition, the universe is a closed system), the temperature of this background radiation decreases as time progresses. The current temperature of the background radiation was measured with extreme accuracy (parts per million) and is 2.725 K, and its distribution corresponds to that of a black body at that temperature.

We finally have our answer: if the sun suddenly disappeared, and if the Earth had no nuclear processes inside, the temperature of the Earth gradually fall to reach thermal equilibrium with the background, about 2.7 K (about -270 ° C).

continued ...

Tuesday, October 13, 2009

Contemporary Costume For Sale

surface temperature of a planet, 1st part

We will try to estimate what the temperature of the earth's surface if it had no atmosphere. This is generally known as orbital temperature.

we think the planet Earth as a sphere On the other hand, the Sun

, our beloved star is a star class

G2, with an average luminosity $ L_ \\ odot $ and mass $ M_ \\ odot $.

With these data, and what we saw on radiation, we may be able to obtain a reasonable estimate.

Let's start by determining what fraction of the energy emitted by the Sun is received on Earth at a given time $ t $. Recalling that the luminosity $ L_ \\ odot $ is the energy emitted by a star per unit time, the energy radiated in time $ t $ is just $ L_ \\ odot \\ times t $.

Since the solar emission is isotropic (equal in all directions), at a distance $ R_ {AU} $ del Sol solar energy will distributed evenly over the surface of a sphere of radius $ r = R_ {AU} $ and therefore the energy density on the surface of the sphere is:

\\ [E_ {R_ {UA} } = \\ frac {L_ \\ odot t} {4 \\ pi R_ {UA} ^ 2} \\]

The fraction of this energy that reaches Earth only depends on the relationship between the surface of the sphere and the exposed surface, ie the cross section of the Earth: $ \\ pi R_ \\ Oplus} ^ 2 $. To better understand this result, imagine that far off lantern illuminate a ball, on a wall form a circular shadow is equal to the radius of the ball and the surface of that circle is equal to the area of \u200b\u200blight absorption for the ball.

Therefore, the energy reaching the Earth at the same time $ t $ is:

\\ [E_ {tierrras} = E_ {R_ {UA}} \\ times \\ pi R_ \\ ^ 2 Oplus = \\ frac {L_ \\ odot t} {4} \\ left (\\ frac {R_ \\ Oplus} {R_ {UA} \\ right) ^ 2} \\]

Take some numbers: the solar luminosity $ L_ \\ odot = 3.85 \\ times 10 ^ {26} $ W, the Earth-Sun distance (also known as Astronomical Unit): $ R_ {AU} = 1.5 \\ times 10 ^ {11} $ m (150 million kilometers), the Earth radius $ R_ \\ Oplus = $ 6371 km and take $ t = $ 1 second. Then:

\\ [E_ {earth} = \\ frac {3.85 \\ times 10 ^ {26} \\ mathrm {W} \\ times 1 \\ mathrm {s}} {4} \\ left (\\ frac {6371 \\ × 10 ^ 6 \\ mathrm {m}} {1.5 \\ times 10 ^ {11} \\ mathrm {m}} \\ right) ^ 2 \\]

\\ [E_ {tierrras} = 1.74 \\ times 10 ^ {17} \\ mathrm {J} \\]

Every second the Earth receives from the Sun $ 1.74 \\ times 10 ^ {17} $ joules, that is: 174,000,000,000,000,000 joules!! and this is every second. To put things in perspective, the average

world energy consumption during

2005 was 16 TW (16 Terawatts = $ 1.6 \\ times 10 ^ {13} $ watts): the illuminated surface of the Earth receives from the Sun about 11,000 times the world energy requirement!

continued ...

Monday, October 12, 2009

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free Stone Blaise

Pressure is a physical quantity that measures the force per unit area. Because it relates two vectors by a scalar product

, it is a scalar (a number!), Defined as:

Where $ $ {\\ bf n} $ $ is versor

the normal to the surface at the point where force is applied (and is intended to measure the pressure).

This complicated expression is greatly simplified when force is normal to the surface: if on a flat surface area $ $ $ $ A uniform force acting F $ $ $ $ perpendicular to the surface, the expression for the pressure $ $ P $ $ is:

\\ [P = \\ frac {F} {A}. \\]

The

pressure unit is the unit of force on unit area

. In the International System

(SI), this unit is the pascal

, Pa, which corresponds to 1 newton per square meter: \\ [[P] = \\ mathrm {P} \\ equiv \\ frac {\\ mathrm {N}} {\\ mathrm {m} ^ 2}, \\] and was named after Blaise Pascal, French mathematician, physicist seventeenth century.

And now, a study to determine concepts:

"Once, all the scientists who were already dead and in heaven, were proposed to play hide and seek.

The draw will start counting touched Einstein . The idea, of course, was that he counted to 100, while all were hidden and then dedicate them down.

Einstein Beginning your account they all ran in different directions looking for a hideout.

All but Newton.

Newton devoted simply to draw on the floor a square 1 meter on each side and stood in it. Just behind Einstein.

Einstein finished his account: ....... 97, 98, 99, 100. He opened his eyes, turned around, and found Newton standing right in front of him.

Then Einstein said (as usual):

- "Stone Free to Newton "

, Stone free to Newton! "

Newton, shaking his head, said

- No, no, I have to disagree: I was not found, because I am not Newton.

Before the stunned Albert, who looked seriously Isaac, all the rest of the scientists went one by one from their hiding places, between intrigued and surprised to finally hear an explanation of Newton with which forced to match.

Newton said

- As see, I'm standing in an area of \u200b\u200b1 square meter, therefore, I am a Newton per square meter, in short .... I am Pascal.
"

Our thanks go to
Analía
for this wonderful piece of humor;)

Friday, September 11, 2009

Kates Playground Bottomless

Internal Energy Physics

Somehow, the heat is energy in motion. One most spectacular conversion of energy that is possible to imagine the collision of a large rock fragment on a planet. Assuming that the body is approaching from far away, and if large enough, the body will impact at a speed close the speed of the planet (the Earth, ~ 11 km / s). The energy is released mostly as heat and kinetic energy of the fragments resulting from the collision. This video shows quite dramatically what would happen if a piece of planetary dimensions collide with our planet.

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Welcome to IB

in certain streets of Buenos Aires used to find this poster of a physics tutor. Welcome to the second field of Physics: IB

Tuesday, February 3, 2009

Breastfeeding La Teta Old Man

12. Wormholes (III)

Stargate: Continuing the theme of wormholes ...

The episode 2.15 of Stargate, SG1 "A Matter of Time" begins with Sam explaining to Jack how it works exactly the Stargate and then gets a signal from another computer Stargate from another planet. This signal

earth will go very slowly. By sending a MALP (a probe) to verify that happens discover that the planet has fallen under the influence of a black hole very close. The COMPONENTS of the other team try to approach the stargate, but time slows down so that it is impossible for them and are destroyed by gravitational forces. Having opened the Stargate then we explain that the hole's gravitational field is affecting the military base where they are. On one side are the other team

have problems but they did not know that they have suffered the effect of the black hole. The situation worsens with time. Finally

Sam has one of his ideas and. we know how it finished.

This is a link to create a time machine through a wormhole (the Stargate wormhole open traverse the galaxy from end to end in a few seconds.) In class we saw that there are two ways to offset a hole in time:

- By moving at relativistic speeds (with a ship)
- Approaching a black hole.

The latter is what we see in the episode. But the effect is transmitted through the wormhole and the time lag occurs in both doors (entrance of the wormhole), so that a priori is not feasible to use this method to create our time machine. Although they are rambling, since the time wormholes are only mathematical solutions to the teorií of relativity we must take this possibility encuenta trying to create a time machine:).

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11. TIME TRAVEL (II): Last

What if you travel into the past?

could be many things and I will put forward here are assumptions that have been in various movies, series or books: "The

YoFuturo that travels back crosses and go to I
Past
-can be reversed and that the sticking Yopasa scared to death to see his
YoFutur or

Once you're in the past could you act serious or just an observer? . Here I put some of the possibilities:

1 st Choice: Change -> "Butterfly Effect"

Option 2: Change in part but the result did you continue going to go back (example: travel to avoid killing someone, but ends up dying anyway though differently) -> "The Time Machine"

Option 3: When you travel a reality by going to Ternate. In this case, can cause changes occur in another parallel universe, not your past. -> Sample with Stargate SG1. In this case, agreed that in the alternate reality was "alter ego" could not exist and the other Sam had to return to reality although she had not saved. A good way to prevent the SG1 was left with two super Cart ers.

4 th option: You can not do nothing but watch.

In the case of you change the past ... could you be there and to make such changes you do not you born? "Disappear if pass that? -> In "Charmed" there was a hint of vanishing

ion until the last moment it happened what had to happen.

Could you be your own grandfather? -> In Futurama, Fry is his own grandfather I recall ..

Other series / movie about time travel and space are infinitely Salto, Back to the Future and sequels ..

Anyway, if you can go back ... Beware, do not go to build and fits all worse than it is!.

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10. TIME TRAVEL (I)

Ins

ven the theory of relativity Einstein ein is possible to travel in time whether or not the space and time are as described by relativity. The 4 dimensional spacetime are invisible and can be interchangeable. In the 3-dimensional space can go back and forth, but the only time you can go to Adelaide you (from past to future). Therefore, travel l future are possible in practice.

There are two types of time machines in this theory:

* static Time Machine: When was from future to the past, the machine will collide with itself.

* With wormhole whose mouths are in different time:

would be two ways to achieve this:

-It believes that after the Big Bang explosion originated wormholes.

- Also with the quantum foam, creating a bubble with a collider, making it the largest thermonuclear bomb to reach the necessary temperature by Plank ... and, once created the wormhole, you negative energy would be injected to avoid collapse.

After a mouth should be offset (bringing it near a black hole or a neutron star, or the paradox of melos ge and relativistic speeds).

But as explained in class, not p Ondrea more explained here that this is more an introduction to the next post ... You can take a look this web if you're interested more about this -> http://www.zamandayolculuk. com / cetinbal / BUILDTIMETRAVEL.HTM

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9. LA LUNA:

Bueno… esta entrada la hago porque el otro día en una de las pruebas de clase había una pregunta que era

¿Se ale jaría de la Tierra nuestra Luna provocando una explosión en su cara oculta?

Y, además, el otro día volví a ver la película de la “M áq u i n a del tiempo” en la que querían construir en la Luna un complejo turístico bajo la superficie lunar por lo que provocaban explosiones de 20 megatones there, the result being that the moon had deviated from its orbit, split in half and that one piece was a stop on Earth.

Given that misses a class a few days and virtually no physical I have no idea, I researched a bit:

With these megatons is impossible to split in half moon. And, in the event that we managed to power enough to make explosions of the magnitude that is needed so that the moon split in half would need to detonate on or near the center. To get there would have to make a good dig ... And if it cost them the asteroid would hit Earth in the movie Armageddon, here would cost even more.

Anyway, that does not cause a piece of the moon impacts on Earth, at best displace some orbit.

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8. LASER:

A Laser or Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation is a device that uses a quantum mechanical effect (induced emission or stimulated) to generate a coherent beam of a suitable medium and the size, shape and purity control. Can also be extended in December has infrared radiation regions, visible and ultraviolet.

lasers contain a laser medium (amplifier), a pumping mechanism and a feedback system. Emit photons in a beam narrow and well defined. That light is almost monochromatic (consisting of a single wavelength -color-), is very consistent, and often polarized.

There are four processes basic occurring in laser generation, are called: pumping, spontaneous emission of radiation, stimulated emission of radiation and absorption.

pumping. Raised by a radiation source or the passage of electric current, the excitation of the active species, ie electrons spend part of their ground state (low energy) at different energy states higher. These electrons will be little time in these states, and consigned to a metastable intermediate state where they remain a relatively long time (in milliseconds).

spontaneous emission of radiation. The electron is returning to the State based to emit a photon is a random process and radiation have different directions and phases, so that monochromatic radiation is generated inconsistently.

stimulated emission of radiation. The photons generated in the previous process collide with excited species, which causes suffering a relaxation by emitting a photon of the same energy that stimulated the process. In this case, realization of coherent monochromatic radiation.

absorption. a photon is absorbed, an electron from the metastable state. Compi you with the above process.

In Star Wars or other movies / series like Star Trek ... lasers are different colors. To really cause much effect would be transparent as they would have the most energy. It would be impossible to see when struggling with them, as well as when traveling at the speed of light photons would be impossible to see the rays of colors also because it would be a continuum between the edge of the laser and the target.

If they are, mean that its light is scattered. A ar ma with such dispersion would be very efe ctive. The only way to make visible the beam is to pass it through smoke or steam to disperse the beam and would cause it saw the light.

Nor should hear the ships that fire so I commented on in tr ada above, to be in space

Is a lightsaber actually a laser beam?

In a film of the saga sees som throw words, if a beam of light fuesenrealmente would not. Neither a laser to another laser stop (mythical scenes as duels). And how would control the length of the laser?

So instead of a laser, it would seem more plasma. Understanding plasma or No gas consisting of charged particles (ions) and whose dynamics presents free collective effects dominated by long-range electromagnetic interactions between them.